Various Kinds of Programming Languages​​.

Generally there are four groups of programming languages, namely:

Object Oriented Language (Visual dBase, Visual FoxPro, Dephi, Visual C)
.high level (like Pascal and Basic)
.middle level (such as C language)
.low level (like Assembly Language)

A. DelphiBorland Delphi or Delphi are commonly called, is a visual application programming tool. The programming language used was Pascal programming language, or who later called the Delphi programming language. Delphi is the next generation of Turbo Pascal. Turbo Pascal, which was launched in 1983 designed to run on DOS operating system (which is the operating system most widely used at the time). While Delphi was first launched in 1995 designed to operate under the Windows operating system. Borland Delphi is a programming language since it first launched a direct glance and in demand by a computer programmer. This is because Delphi disebabakan provide facilities for the creation of applications with a simple visual interface and can provide satisfactory results. Many applications can be developed with Delphi as the operation of mathematical calculations, graphics, word processing, Spreet Sheet, games and databases. At Delphi there are two kinds of structures that projrek structure and the structure of Delphi program unit. Project structure in a project that you build, there is a main program file that contains the code for the program management unit - unit. The main program code is usually called project code and stored in files ending in. House. Unit A unit structures containing types, constants, variables and routines (functions of the procedure). Each unit is defined dalaqm file. PAS that deal with the unit Pros:

Its freeware.
Developed with the Pascal language, so for users who are familiar with basic turbo Pascal programming will be more familiar
Components provided complete enough without having to add components from other sources.
The documentation is quite complete.

Weaknesses:Users who do not have the basic Pascal programming language will have trouble for the first time.
Each component is included in the display form, the code will be included in the list declarations and initialization code. So if there is a change of components, naming and writing the error code, the program will not automatically corrected.
If there is a form / other code in the list-include-right, have written code / name of the form / lost code in the "uses" and also initialization variablenya.

2. C languageRoot of the C language is the language BCPL, developed by Richard Martin in 1967. This language gives the idea to Ken Thompson who later developed a language called B in 1970. Subsequent development of language B is a C language by Dennis Ricthie circa 1972's at Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc. (Now AT & T Bell Laboratories).Excess C Language:
Some of the reasons why the C language is widely used, include the following:

C language is available in almost all types of computerIts C language code is portable applications written in C language for a particular computer can be used on another computer with just a slight modification.The C language provides only a few key wordsC language program executable process fasterSupport libraries that many C language Reliability is achieved by the library functions.C is a language in a structured language C has a good structure so it is easy to understand. C has functions as part of the program.In addition to high-level language, C is also considered a mid-level language. C language is able to combine high-level language proficiency level with low-level language level.Because the C language is a C compiler is its compiler, it will generate an executable program that is required by many commercial programs.In addition to these reasons there are several other reasons why using C language, namely:

C is a programming language that has a high portability. We write C programs for one type of platform, we can compile and run on other platforms with no or only minor changes. This can be realized with the ANSI standards for C. C is a programming language with the keyword (keyword) bit. Key word here is a basic word or function provided by the compiler of a programming language. This brings the influence of the more easily we write a program with low-level language. Another effect of this keyword is at least the execution of C program very quickly.The lack of the usual C language include:

The number of operators as well as the flexibility of writing programs sometimes confuse users.
For beginners in general have trouble using the pointer.

3. Visual BasicMicrosoft Visual Basic (often abbreviated as VB only) is a programming language that offers Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to create visual-based software program Microsoft Windows operating system using a programming model (COM), Visual Basic is a derivative of the BASIC programming language and offers software development komputergrafik quickly, some scripting language such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript), Visual Basic is similar as well, but it works differently. The programmer can build applications by using components provided by Microsoft Visual Basic programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but requires additional external function declarations. Visual Basic 6 is a tool for application development is much in demand by people. Visual Basic 6 here offers the ease of manufacture and application can use components that have been provided. To start the Visual Basic 6, you need to install Visual Basic 6.0. The program is usually in a package with Visual Studio 6.0. By using Visual Basic 6 we can produce various types of programs. Of applications that integrate databases, networking, office automation, and web application.

Visual basic advantages:

Simple language. Many things may be difficult if we use other programming languages, it can be done easily by using Visual Basic.Because Visual Basic is so popular, it is a lot of resources that we can use to learn and develop the skills you're either in the form of books, web site etc.We can get a lot of tools are either free or not on the Internet that will help us save time in the programmingDisadvantages of Visual Basic:

Visual Basic is a powerful programming language, but actually not very good for making games that really satisfySlower than other programming languages.

4. PascalDesigned by prof. Nicklaus Wirth from the Technical University in Zurich, Switzerlandtahun 1971.Nama derived from Pascal Blaise Pascal, the mathematician's name and philosophy from the French (17th century). Development of the language Algol 60 and Algol W (derived Algol 60). Has several versions, such as Turbo Pascal, Ms. Pascal (Microsoft), Apple Pascal, UCSD (University of California at San Diego Pascal), etc.. Turbo Pascal made by Borland Inc. is the most widely used version because it uses a compiler to translate it and also follow the standard Pascal language created by Nicklaus Wirth and K. Jensen. Pascal is a high-level programming language (high level language) and structured (Structured Programming language).Pros:

Standard data types, standard data types that are available in most programming languages. Pascal has a standard data types: boolean, integer, real, char, string,User defined Data Types, programmers can create other data types derived from standard data types.Strongly-typed, the programmer must specify the data type of a variable, and variables can not be used to store data types other than the specified format.Structured, has a syntax that allows the writing program is broken down into smaller functions (procedures and functions) that can be used repeatedly.Simple and expressive, has a simple structure and very close to human language (English) so easy to learn and understand.Disadvantages:

Not flexible usage.PASCAL language is also the language used as the standard programming language for the Indonesia national team Olympic Computer (TOKI). In addition, the PASCAL language is still used in the IOI (International Olympiad in Informatics).
5. JAVAJava is a technology introduced by Sun Microsystems in the mid 1990s. By definition of the Sun, Java is the name for a set of technologies to create and run the luinak on a standalone computer or in a networked environment. We prefer to refer to Java as a technology rather than just a programming language, because Java is more complete than a conventional programming language. Java technology has three essential components, namely:

Programming-language specification
Application-programming interface
Virtual-machine specification

Java language can be categorized as an object-oriented programming languages, distributed programming and programming languages ​​multithrreaded. Java object specified by the form class. For each class of Java, the Java compiler to produce an output file to be architecture-neutral way in the various implementations of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java was initially very popular with internet programming community, because the support for Java applets, where the program with limited resources access to the road in a web browser. Java also provides high level support for networking and distributed objects. Java is also regarded as a safe language. This view is particularly important to think that a Java program can execute cross a distributed network. So that the current Java language includes a programming language that is relatively easy to learn because of the many examples and concepts that are widely circulated, either in the form of books or the Internet. But the program made in Java language also requires relatively more time in execution time (longer) because it takes the JVM to run the program (an intermediary between programs and operating systems).

6. C + + Programming LanguageC + + is a computer programming language C + + was developed at Bell Labs (Bjarne Stroustrup) in the early 1970s, the language is derived from the previous language, the BCL, At first, the language is designed as a programming language that runs on Unix systems, the development, version ANSI (American National Standards Institute) C programming language is a version of the dominant, though the version is now rarely used in the development of systems and networks as well as for embedded systems, Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs first developed C + + in the early 1980s, to support features in C + +, built efficiency and system support for low-level programming (low-level coding).] In C + + added new concepts like class with its properties such as inheritance and overloading. One of the most fundamental differences with the C language is support for the concept of object-oriented programming (Object Oriented Programming). Differences between programming languages ​​C and C + + though these languages ​​use the same syntax, but they have differences, C is a procedural programming languages, where the resolution of a problem is done by dividing the problem into the su-subproblems of smaller, In addition, C + + is a programming language that has the properties of Object-oriented programming, to solve the problem, C + + do the first step to explain the classes that a child class previously created as an abstraction from objects of physical, Class contains the state of the object, its members and the ability of objectnya, After Class is created and then solved the problem with the Class.

7. PHP Programming LanguagePHP is a scripting language most widely used today. PHP was first created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. At that time, PHP was named FI (Form Interpreted), which is his form of a set of scripts that are used to process data from a web form. PHP is widely used to create dynamic web sites, although it was likely used for other usage. PHP generally runs on the Linux operating system (PHP can also be run with Windows hosting).

8. Programming language pytonPython is a dynamic programming language that supports object-oriented programming. Python can be used for various purposes and the development of software can run on various operating system platforms. Like the dynamic programming language, Python is often used as a scripting language with an interpreter teintergrasi in the operating system. Currently python code can be run on a system-based:
Linux / UnixWindows
Mac OS X
Java Virtual Machine
OS / 2
AmigaPalmSymbian (Nokia products)
Python is distributed with a license that is different from some versions. See history in the Python Copyright. However, in principle, Python can be obtained and used freely, even for commercial purposes. Python license is not contrary to good according to the definition of Open Source and the General Public License (GPL).

9. Matlab programming languageMATLAB is a numerical computing environment and the fourth generation computer programming language. Developed by The MathWorks, MATLAB allows the manipulation of matrices, the reader's plot functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and self-'s interface with the program in other languages. Although only numerical nuances, a box Kakas (toolbox) that uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to computer algebra capabilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical simulation multiranah and Design-Based Model for terlekat and dynamic system.

10.HTMLHyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to create a web page and displays various information in an Internet browser. HTML is now an Internet standard defined and controlled use by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). HTML form tag code that instructs the browser to produce a display according to the desired. A file is a HTML file can be opened using a web browser such as Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Ruby programming 11.BahasaRuby is an object-oriented scripting language. The purpose of ruby ​​is to combine all the advantages of scripting programming languages ​​in the world. Ruby written in C programming language with basic skills such as Perl and Python.Excess ruby:

The syntax is simple.Have a good exception handling.Object Oriented Programming language.Brought the concept of single inheritance.Open source, anyone can use it free of charge and can expand to participate.Has a garbage collector that automatically removes unused information from memory.Cobol programming

12.BahasaCOBOL stands for Common Bussiness Oriented Language. COBOL language is classified as a High Level Language (high-level programming language) is oriented to business problems. Was created in 1959. COBOL was first formally introduced in January 1960 and referred to the COBOL-60. And updated in 1965. In 1968 and 1974, the COBOL language developed and standardized by the name of the ANSI COBOL (American National Institute Standarts). Highly structured COBOL programming language, because it is easy to read and have a clear structure. COBOL is made for data processing operations, the read data, process data and generate output in the form of information.Prolog programming

13.BahasaProlog is a logic programming language or in the call as well as non-procedural language. Its name is taken from programmation en logique French (programming logic). This language was created by Alain Colmerauer and Robert Kowalski about the year 1972 in an effort to create a programming language that allows statements of logic rather than a series of commands to run the computer. In contrast to other programming languages, which use algorithms konvensionl as search techniques such as Delphi, Pascal, BASIC, COBOL programming language and the like, the prologue to use a technique called heuristic search (heutistic) by using a logic tree.

14.Bahasa programming java scriptJavascript programming language is a powerful scripting language that runs on the client side. Javascript is a scripting language developed by Netscape. To run a script written in javascript we need a javascript-enabled browser, the browser that is capable of running javascript JavaScript is not object-oriented languages, but object-based languages. Object-oriented language must support three basic concepts, namely encapsulation (encapsulation), inheritance (inheritance) and polymorphism (poly morphism). JavaScript only supports encapsulation, and even then not 100% correct. JavaScript programs are written in HTML file (. Html or. Htm) using <script> container tag. In other words, you do not need to write JavaScript programs in a separate file (even if you do it too biased). <script> Container tag has two attributes, but you have to fill in only one attribute, namely Language. Fill the Language attribute to "JavaScript".
This tells the browser that you intended to write scripts is JavaScript.

PERL programming 15.BahasaPERL is a programming language similar to the programming language C. And used for all purposes, was first developed by Larry Wall on Unix machines. Perl was first released on December 18, 1987 marked the first release of Perl. In the next versions, Perl is also available for Unix operating systems (SunOS, Linux, BSD, HP-UX), are also available for operating systems like DOS, Windows, PowerPC, BeOS, VMS, EBCDIC, and PocketPC. Support for object-based programming (object oriented programming / OOP) was added to Perl 5, which was first released on July 31, 1993. Perl 6 development project started in 2000, and has continued until now no clear date when it would be released. This was said by Larry Wall himself in a series of speeches known as The State of the Onion. Two of the main characteristics of Perl is the handling of text and a variety of shortcuts to common problems menyelesaiakn. No wonder Perl is very popular used in CGI programs (Common Gateway Interface) and many other Internet protocols. As is known, TCP / IP as the basis for all Internet protocols known today use text format in data communications. As with other popular languages, Perl received much criticism. Although many of these are just a myth, or exaggeration, but there is also a valid criticism. One is, the syntax hard to read, because many uses symbols instead of letters and numbers